К дискуссии о том, сильно ли в 2022г в России выросла преступность с использованием оружия или это просто регистрация в России зарубежных преступлений (из зоны военных действий в Украине).
Мы удалили заграничные преступления и пересчитали прирост на 1 млн жителей (вместо %%, чтобы нивелировать эффект низкой/высокой базы)
Showing posts with label оружие. Show all posts
Showing posts with label оружие. Show all posts
Monday, February 20, 2023
Monday, February 6, 2023
America’s high homicide rate
February 6, 2023 Joseph Chamie

America leads advanced developed countries in terms of guns per capita and homicide rates, although with substantial variation by state, gender, and major racial/ethnic groups. Given its policies on police, guns and homicides, Joseph Chamie opines, America’s homicide rate is unlikely to reach low levels any time soon.
Among advanced developed countries, the United States has the highest homicide rate: 7.8 per 100,000 population in 2020. Most others, including Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United Kingdom, have homicide rates that are a fraction of this level (Figure 1). For example, the U.S. firearm homicide rate in 2019 was 22 times greater than the rate of the European Union.
The U.S. homicide rate of 7.8 per 100,000 in 2020 is the highest since 1995 and represents a record increase of approximately 30 percent with respect to 2019. Possible explanations for this rise include the consequences of the COVID pandemic and the worsening relations between police and communities following the murder of George Floyd (25 May 2020). Often heard political explanations for the rise, such as “some are soft on crime”, are not supported by the data. Homicide rates have increased in both Democratic and Republican states, in cities controlled by Republican and Democratic mayors, and in the suburbs and rural areas.

America leads advanced developed countries in terms of guns per capita and homicide rates, although with substantial variation by state, gender, and major racial/ethnic groups. Given its policies on police, guns and homicides, Joseph Chamie opines, America’s homicide rate is unlikely to reach low levels any time soon.
Introduction
Among advanced developed countries, the United States has the highest homicide rate: 7.8 per 100,000 population in 2020. Most others, including Germany, France, Italy, Japan, Spain and the United Kingdom, have homicide rates that are a fraction of this level (Figure 1). For example, the U.S. firearm homicide rate in 2019 was 22 times greater than the rate of the European Union.

сравнивать имеет смысл с Швейцарией, или Израилем :(
U.S. homicide rates
The U.S. homicide rate of 7.8 per 100,000 in 2020 is the highest since 1995 and represents a record increase of approximately 30 percent with respect to 2019. Possible explanations for this rise include the consequences of the COVID pandemic and the worsening relations between police and communities following the murder of George Floyd (25 May 2020). Often heard political explanations for the rise, such as “some are soft on crime”, are not supported by the data. Homicide rates have increased in both Democratic and Republican states, in cities controlled by Republican and Democratic mayors, and in the suburbs and rural areas.
Of the 139 mass shootings that occurred in developed countries between 1998 to 2019, 73 percent occurred in the United States and resulted in 816 deaths. France had the next highest number of mass shootings with 8, resulting in 179 deaths, including the Bataclan terrorist attack of November 2015 (90 deaths). America’s 2020 homicide rate, however, remains markedly lower than the rates in the 1970s and 1980s. Forty years ago, for example, the U.S. rate exceeded 10 homicides per 100,000.
Homicide rates vary considerably across America’s 50 states. The highest are typically found in the south. For example, the three states with the highest rates in 2020 were Mississippi, Louisiana and Alabama (21, 20 and 14 per 100,000 population, respectively). However, in 2020, Washington D.C. had an even higher homicide rate of approximately 25 murders per 100,000 residents.
In contrast, the lowest homicide rates are observed in northeastern states. The three states with the lowest rates are Maine, New Hampshire and Vermont (below 2 per 100,000).
Approximately 80 percent of U.S. homicides in 2020 involved firearms, most often handguns. In the 1960s, by contrast, handguns were used in approximately 50 percent of homicides.
In terms of gun ownership, America is by far the world leader, at 120 guns per 100 population, with about 40 percent of Americans owning firearms. This is well above the proportions of the next four highest countries, i.e., Yemen at 53, Serbia and Montenegro at 39 and Canada at 35.
A noteworthy feature of homicide rates across America is that the male rate (12.8 per 100,000 in 2020) is many times higher than the female rate (2.9 per 100,000). This translates into approximately 80 percent of homicide victims being males.
Over the years, various proposals and strategies have been recommended to address America’s high rate of homicides. Many emphasize the need for social and economic investments, long-term strategies and anti-crime measures focusing on education, jobs, housing, inequality, racism, outreach programs, drug treatment and gun control.
Those investments require economic and social resources as well as political backing and it typically takes time for results to become visible. Faced with the rising number of homicides, and the high homicide rate, relatively few people are prepared to wait.
Approximately 80 percent of U.S. homicides in 2020 involved firearms, most often handguns. In the 1960s, by contrast, handguns were used in approximately 50 percent of homicides.
In terms of gun ownership, America is by far the world leader, at 120 guns per 100 population, with about 40 percent of Americans owning firearms. This is well above the proportions of the next four highest countries, i.e., Yemen at 53, Serbia and Montenegro at 39 and Canada at 35.
Homicide differentials
A noteworthy feature of homicide rates across America is that the male rate (12.8 per 100,000 in 2020) is many times higher than the female rate (2.9 per 100,000). This translates into approximately 80 percent of homicide victims being males.
Homicides rates also vary markedly by age. They increase through the teenage years and peak in the early twenties. As in recent years, gun homicide in 2020 was the leading cause of death among the under-25s, and people under age 30 were nearly 10 times more likely to die from a firearm than from COVID-19.
In addition to significant differences by age and sex, wide gaps in homicide rates exist among America’s five major racial/ethnic groups as defined by the U.S. Census Bureau.
In 2020 the homicide rates for Black American males and females were the highest among the five groups, at 57 and 8 per 100,000, respectively. They were followed by Indian American males and females (24 and 6 per 100,000), Hispanic American males and females (11 and 2 per 100,000), and White American males and females (5 and 2 per 100,000). The lowest homicide rates were among Asian American males and females, at 3 and 1 per 100,000 (Figure 2).
Those differences in homicide rates produce a striking distribution in the numbers of homicide victims among the groups. Black males accounted for 49 percent of homicide victims in 2020, followed by White males at 29 percent, White females at 11 percent, and Black females at 8 percent (Figure 3).
In 2018 homicide was the fifth leading cause of death among Black males, and the ninth leading cause among Hispanic and American Indian males.
In 2020 the homicide rates for Black American males and females were the highest among the five groups, at 57 and 8 per 100,000, respectively. They were followed by Indian American males and females (24 and 6 per 100,000), Hispanic American males and females (11 and 2 per 100,000), and White American males and females (5 and 2 per 100,000). The lowest homicide rates were among Asian American males and females, at 3 and 1 per 100,000 (Figure 2).

Those differences in homicide rates produce a striking distribution in the numbers of homicide victims among the groups. Black males accounted for 49 percent of homicide victims in 2020, followed by White males at 29 percent, White females at 11 percent, and Black females at 8 percent (Figure 3).

In 2018 homicide was the fifth leading cause of death among Black males, and the ninth leading cause among Hispanic and American Indian males.
Addressing homicide rates
Over the years, various proposals and strategies have been recommended to address America’s high rate of homicides. Many emphasize the need for social and economic investments, long-term strategies and anti-crime measures focusing on education, jobs, housing, inequality, racism, outreach programs, drug treatment and gun control.
Those investments require economic and social resources as well as political backing and it typically takes time for results to become visible. Faced with the rising number of homicides, and the high homicide rate, relatively few people are prepared to wait.
A growing share of Americans − now at nearly half − want more spending on police in their neighborhoods to address violent crime. But increased police funding has also become a partisan issue. While 61 percent of Republicans believe spending on police should be increased, only about one-third of Democrats share that view.
Given the current state of affairs in the country with respect to police, guns and homicides, America’s high homicide rate is unlikely to decline any time soon to the low levels enjoyed by other advanced developed countries.
References
- Ax, Joseph (2022) “Analysis: Crime is a top concern for many Americans in midterm vote. How bad is it?”. Reuters, 1 November.
- BBC News (2022) “Mass shootings: America’s challenge for gun control explained in seven charts”. 12 October.
- Beckett, Lois and Abene Clayton (2022) “An unspoken epidemic’: Homicide rate increase for Black women rivals that of Black men”. The Guardian, 25 June.
- Claudio, Andre (2021) “States With the Highest Homicide Rates”. Route Fifty, 30 November.
- Cooper, Alexia and Erica L. Smith (2011) “Homicide Trends in the United States, 1980-2008”. U.S. Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Statistics, November.
- Council on Criminal Justice (2022) “Saving Lives: Ten Essential Actions Cities Can Take to Reduce Violence Now”. 12 January.
- Eurostat (2022) “Crime Statistics”. Eurostat Statistics Explained. Luxembourg.
- Murez, Cara (2022) “Gun Homicides Rose Sharply During Pandemic, Black Men Most Affected”. US News, 15 December.
- Parker, Kim and Kiley Hurst (2021) “Growing share of Americans say they want more spending on police in their area”. Pew Research Center, 26 October.
- Silva, Jason R. (2022) “Global mass shootings: comparing the United States against developed and developing countries”. International Journal of Comparative and Applied Criminal Justice, 21 March.
- U.S. Center for Disease Control (2022) “Leading Causes of Death – Males and Females – United States, 2018”. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 3 March.
- U.S. Center for Disease Control (2021) “New CDC/NCHS Data Confirm Largest One-Year Increase in U.S. Homicide Rate in 2020”. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 October.
Tuesday, December 6, 2022
The World's Largest Arms-Producing Companies
For the first time in over 30 years, and in a tightly-controlled presentation, the United States unveiled a new strategic bomber on Friday. The nuclear-capable B-21 Raider is expected to enter service in 2027 and is seen as a major part of the States' response to military buildup by China. The estimated cost was also revealed: The plane's manufacturer, Northrop Grumman, can expect $700m per aircraft. Many other companies will also profit from the project, with the arms production company stating that 400 suppliers are involved in the project. One of these is Raytheon Technologies - whose subsidiary Pratt & Whitney will be manufacturing the engines for the new stealth jet.
Both Northrop Grumman and Raytheon feature on the ranking of the world's largest arms-production companies. Despite a six percent fall in arms sales for Northrop Grumman, the aerospace and defense technology firm generated $30 billion in 2021, making it the fourth largest in the world by this measure. Raytheon's arms sales grew by nine percent to $42 billion, putting it behind only Lockheed Martin with $60 billion.
As a glance at this infographic reveals, U.S. companies dominate the top of the list. Two Chinese companies also make it though - having both posted strong growth in 2021, Norinco and AVIC had combined arms sales of over $40 billion last year. According to the source, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), arms sales of the world's largest 100 arms-producing companies grew by 1.9 percent to $592 billion in 2021, despite supply chain challenges.
Both Northrop Grumman and Raytheon feature on the ranking of the world's largest arms-production companies. Despite a six percent fall in arms sales for Northrop Grumman, the aerospace and defense technology firm generated $30 billion in 2021, making it the fourth largest in the world by this measure. Raytheon's arms sales grew by nine percent to $42 billion, putting it behind only Lockheed Martin with $60 billion.
As a glance at this infographic reveals, U.S. companies dominate the top of the list. Two Chinese companies also make it though - having both posted strong growth in 2021, Norinco and AVIC had combined arms sales of over $40 billion last year. According to the source, Stockholm International Peace Research Institute (SIPRI), arms sales of the world's largest 100 arms-producing companies grew by 1.9 percent to $592 billion in 2021, despite supply chain challenges.
Sunday, June 5, 2022
Is It Time To Bring Back The Assault Weapons Ban?
Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi (D-Calif.) said Wednesday night that the lower chamber would move on legislation aimed at banning the sale of assault weapons like the AR-15 or similar styles in the U.S. Weapons of the type were used in two deadly shootings in the past two and a half weeks. Ten people died May 14 at a supermarket in Buffalo, N.Y., before the nation was rocked once more when 19 elementary school students and two adults died in the deadliest school shooting in the U.S. in ten years on May 24 in Uvalde, Texas.
Both shooters purchased their guns legally. In a third shooting that left four and the assailant dead Wednesday in Tulsa, Okla., a long gun and a pistol were used.
Data collected by Mother Jones shows that during an earlier assault weapons ban that lasted from 1994 to 2004 in the U.S., fewer Americans became victims of mass shootings than in the ten years prior. Since the ban lapsed, the number of shootings has risen each decade, while the number of victims skyrocketed. Mother Jones has tracked shootings with more than four victims other than the perpetrator consistently since the 1980s, but the effect of the assault weapons ban becomes even more visible when looking at shootings with six or more victims, like done by Stanford University or author Louis Klarevas of the University of Massachusetts.
The AR-15 is a civilian version of the military grade M16 and M4 family of rifles that are designed to deliver small sized bullets at high velocity in order to inflict catastrophic and lethal wounds. The semiautomatic weapons therefore can inflict more harm on more people in a shorter period of time.
Klarevas, who published his book Rampage Nation in 2016, told The Washington Post: "You would see drastic reductions in what I call gun massacres” if the 1994 federal assault weapons ban was reinstated.
Both shooters purchased their guns legally. In a third shooting that left four and the assailant dead Wednesday in Tulsa, Okla., a long gun and a pistol were used.
Data collected by Mother Jones shows that during an earlier assault weapons ban that lasted from 1994 to 2004 in the U.S., fewer Americans became victims of mass shootings than in the ten years prior. Since the ban lapsed, the number of shootings has risen each decade, while the number of victims skyrocketed. Mother Jones has tracked shootings with more than four victims other than the perpetrator consistently since the 1980s, but the effect of the assault weapons ban becomes even more visible when looking at shootings with six or more victims, like done by Stanford University or author Louis Klarevas of the University of Massachusetts.
The AR-15 is a civilian version of the military grade M16 and M4 family of rifles that are designed to deliver small sized bullets at high velocity in order to inflict catastrophic and lethal wounds. The semiautomatic weapons therefore can inflict more harm on more people in a shorter period of time.
Klarevas, who published his book Rampage Nation in 2016, told The Washington Post: "You would see drastic reductions in what I call gun massacres” if the 1994 federal assault weapons ban was reinstated.
Tuesday, May 26, 2020
Friday, January 10, 2020
Military Militaries
As we covered in a separate infographic, when it comes to manpower no military in the world comes close to that of China. According to Global Firepower estimates, the People's Republic has 2.18 million active military personnel. The United States in comparison, has significantly less - 1.28 million - but when assessing the overall power of the world's military forces, the U.S. comes out on top, ahead of Russia and China in second and third, respectively.
In response to retaliatory missile attacks by Iran on airbases in Iraq hosting United States and coalition troops, President Trump stated via Twitter that "we have the most powerful and well equipped military anywhere in the world, by far!". Looking at the Global Firepower PowerIndex, the militaries of Russia and China do come very close, but when compared to Iran, the discrepancy is of course much larger.
When it comes to pure manpower, no country in the world comes close to China. According to Global Firepower estimates, the People's Republic currently has roughly 2.18 million active military personnel at its disposal. With almost half that number in second and third place are India and the United States with 1.36 and 1.28 million respectively. North Korea and Russia are the only other countries with more than one million in manpower. Iran, now possibly on the brink of war with the United States, is in eighth place, with 523 thousand.

In response to retaliatory missile attacks by Iran on airbases in Iraq hosting United States and coalition troops, President Trump stated via Twitter that "we have the most powerful and well equipped military anywhere in the world, by far!". Looking at the Global Firepower PowerIndex, the militaries of Russia and China do come very close, but when compared to Iran, the discrepancy is of course much larger.
When it comes to pure manpower, no country in the world comes close to China. According to Global Firepower estimates, the People's Republic currently has roughly 2.18 million active military personnel at its disposal. With almost half that number in second and third place are India and the United States with 1.36 and 1.28 million respectively. North Korea and Russia are the only other countries with more than one million in manpower. Iran, now possibly on the brink of war with the United States, is in eighth place, with 523 thousand.
Thursday, January 2, 2020
Silencing the Science on Gun Research
On December 14, a 20-year-old Connecticut man shot and killed his mother in the home they shared. Then, armed with 3 of his mother's guns, he shot his way into a nearby school, where he killed 6 additional adults and 20 first-grade children. Most of those who died were shot repeatedly at close range. Soon thereafter, the killer shot himself. This ended the carnage but greatly diminished the prospects that anyone will ever know why he chose to commit such horrible acts.
In body count, this incident in Newtown ranks second among US mass shootings. It follows recent mass shootings in a shopping mall in Oregon, a movie theater in Colorado, a Sikh temple in Wisconsin, and business in Minnesota. These join a growing list of mass killings in such varied places as a high school, a college campus, a congressional constituent meeting, a day trader's offices, and a military base. But because this time the killer's target was an elementary school, and many of his victims were young children, this incident shook a nation some thought was inured to gun violence.
As shock and grief give way to anger, the urge to act is powerful. But beyond helping the survivors deal with their grief and consequences of this horror, what can the medical and public health community do? What actions can the nation take to prevent more such acts from happening, or at least limit their severity? More broadly, what can be done to reduce the number of US residents who die each year from firearms, currently more than 31 000 annually?
The answers are undoubtedly complex and at this point, only partly known. For gun violence, particularly mass killings such as that in Newtown, to occur, intent and means must converge at a particular time and place. Decades of research have been devoted to understanding the factors that lead some people to commit violence against themselves or others. Substantially less has been done to understand how easy access to firearms mitigates or amplifies both the likelihood and consequences of these acts.
For example, background checks have an effect on the inappropriate procurement of guns from licensed dealers, but private gun sales require no background check. Laws mandating a minimum age for gun ownership reduce gun fatalities, but firearms still pass easily from legal owners to juveniles and other legally proscribed individuals, such as felons or persons with mental illness. Because ready access to guns in the home increases, rather than reduces, a family's risk of homicide in the home, safe storage of guns might save lives. Nevertheless, many gun owners, including gun-owning parents, still keep at least one firearm loaded and readily available for self-defense.
The nation might be in a better position to act if medical and public health researchers had continued to study these issues as diligently as some of us did between 1985 and 1997. But in 1996, pro-gun members of Congress mounted an all-out effort to eliminate the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Although they failed to defund the center, the House of Representatives removed $2.6 million from the CDC's budget—precisely the amount the agency had spent on firearm injury research the previous year. Funding was restored in the joint conference committee, but the money was earmarked for traumatic brain injury. The effect was sharply reduced support for firearm injury research.
To ensure that the CDC and its grantees got the message, the following language was added to the final appropriation: “none of the funds made available for injury prevention and control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may be used to advocate or promote gun control.”
Precisely what was or was not permitted under the clause was unclear. But no federal employee was willing to risk his or her career or the agency's funding to find out. Extramural support for firearm injury prevention research quickly dried up. Even today, 17 years after this legislative action, the CDC's website lacks specific links to information about preventing firearm-related violence.
When other agencies funded high-quality research, similar action was taken. In 2009, Branas et al published the results of a case-control study that examined whether carrying a gun increases or decreases the risk of firearm assault. In contrast to earlier research, this particular study was funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Two years later, Congress extended the restrictive language it had previously applied to the CDC to all Department of Health and Human Services agencies, including the National Institutes of Health.
These are not the only efforts to keep important health information from the public and patients. For example, in 1997, Cummings et al used state-level data from Washington to study the association between the purchase of a handgun and the subsequent risk of homicide or suicide. Similar studies could not be conducted today because Washington State's firearm registration files are no longer accessible.
In 2011, Florida's legislature passed and Governor Scott signed HB 155, which subjects the state's health care practitioners to possible sanctions, including loss of license if they discuss or record information about firearm safety that a medical board later determines was not “relevant” or was “unnecessarily harassing.” A US district judge has since issued a preliminary injunction to block enforcement of this law, but the matter is still in litigation. Similar bills have been proposed in 7 other states.
The US military is grappling with an increase in suicides within its ranks. Earlier this month, an article by 2 retired generals—a former chief and a vice chief of staff of the US Army— asked Congress to lift a little-noticed provision in the 2011 National Defense Authorization Act that prevents military commanders and noncommissioned officers from being able to talk to service members about their private weapons, even in cases in which a leader believes that a service member may be suicidal.
Health researchers are ethically bound to conduct, analyze, and report studies as objectively as possible and transparently communicate the findings. Policymakers, health care practitioners, and the public have the final decision regarding whether they will accept, much less act on, those data. Criticizing research is fair game; suppressing research by targeting its sources of funding is not.
Efforts to place legal restrictions on what physicians and other health care practitioners can and cannot say to their patients cross an even more important line. Yet this is precisely what Florida and some other states are seeking to do. Physicians may disagree on many issues, including the pros and cons of gun control, but are united in opposing government efforts to undermine the sanctity of the patient-physician relationship, as defined by the Hippocratic oath. While it is reasonable to acknowledge and accept the Supreme Court's recent decision regarding the meaning of the Second Amendment, it is just as important to uphold physicians' First Amendment rights.
Injury prevention research can have real and lasting effects. Over the last 20 years, the number of Americans dying in motor vehicle crashes has decreased by 31%. Deaths from fires and drowning have been reduced even more, by 38% and 52%, respectively. This progress was achieved without banning automobiles, swimming pools, or matches. Instead, it came from translating research findings into effective interventions.
Given the chance, could researchers achieve similar progress with firearm violence? It will not be possible to find out unless Congress rescinds its moratorium on firearm injury prevention research. Since Congress took this action in 1997, at least 427 000 people have died of gunshot wounds in the United States, including more than 165 000 who were victims of homicide. To put these numbers in context, during the same period, 4586 Americans lost their lives in combat in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The United States has long relied on public health science to improve the safety, health, and lives of its citizens. Perhaps the same straightforward, problem-solving approach that worked well in other circumstances can help the nation meet the challenge of firearm violence. Otherwise, the heartache that the nation and perhaps the world is feeling over the senseless gun violence in Newtown will likely be repeated, again and again.
In body count, this incident in Newtown ranks second among US mass shootings. It follows recent mass shootings in a shopping mall in Oregon, a movie theater in Colorado, a Sikh temple in Wisconsin, and business in Minnesota. These join a growing list of mass killings in such varied places as a high school, a college campus, a congressional constituent meeting, a day trader's offices, and a military base. But because this time the killer's target was an elementary school, and many of his victims were young children, this incident shook a nation some thought was inured to gun violence.
As shock and grief give way to anger, the urge to act is powerful. But beyond helping the survivors deal with their grief and consequences of this horror, what can the medical and public health community do? What actions can the nation take to prevent more such acts from happening, or at least limit their severity? More broadly, what can be done to reduce the number of US residents who die each year from firearms, currently more than 31 000 annually?
The answers are undoubtedly complex and at this point, only partly known. For gun violence, particularly mass killings such as that in Newtown, to occur, intent and means must converge at a particular time and place. Decades of research have been devoted to understanding the factors that lead some people to commit violence against themselves or others. Substantially less has been done to understand how easy access to firearms mitigates or amplifies both the likelihood and consequences of these acts.
For example, background checks have an effect on the inappropriate procurement of guns from licensed dealers, but private gun sales require no background check. Laws mandating a minimum age for gun ownership reduce gun fatalities, but firearms still pass easily from legal owners to juveniles and other legally proscribed individuals, such as felons or persons with mental illness. Because ready access to guns in the home increases, rather than reduces, a family's risk of homicide in the home, safe storage of guns might save lives. Nevertheless, many gun owners, including gun-owning parents, still keep at least one firearm loaded and readily available for self-defense.
The nation might be in a better position to act if medical and public health researchers had continued to study these issues as diligently as some of us did between 1985 and 1997. But in 1996, pro-gun members of Congress mounted an all-out effort to eliminate the National Center for Injury Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Although they failed to defund the center, the House of Representatives removed $2.6 million from the CDC's budget—precisely the amount the agency had spent on firearm injury research the previous year. Funding was restored in the joint conference committee, but the money was earmarked for traumatic brain injury. The effect was sharply reduced support for firearm injury research.
To ensure that the CDC and its grantees got the message, the following language was added to the final appropriation: “none of the funds made available for injury prevention and control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention may be used to advocate or promote gun control.”
Precisely what was or was not permitted under the clause was unclear. But no federal employee was willing to risk his or her career or the agency's funding to find out. Extramural support for firearm injury prevention research quickly dried up. Even today, 17 years after this legislative action, the CDC's website lacks specific links to information about preventing firearm-related violence.
When other agencies funded high-quality research, similar action was taken. In 2009, Branas et al published the results of a case-control study that examined whether carrying a gun increases or decreases the risk of firearm assault. In contrast to earlier research, this particular study was funded by the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism. Two years later, Congress extended the restrictive language it had previously applied to the CDC to all Department of Health and Human Services agencies, including the National Institutes of Health.
These are not the only efforts to keep important health information from the public and patients. For example, in 1997, Cummings et al used state-level data from Washington to study the association between the purchase of a handgun and the subsequent risk of homicide or suicide. Similar studies could not be conducted today because Washington State's firearm registration files are no longer accessible.
In 2011, Florida's legislature passed and Governor Scott signed HB 155, which subjects the state's health care practitioners to possible sanctions, including loss of license if they discuss or record information about firearm safety that a medical board later determines was not “relevant” or was “unnecessarily harassing.” A US district judge has since issued a preliminary injunction to block enforcement of this law, but the matter is still in litigation. Similar bills have been proposed in 7 other states.
The US military is grappling with an increase in suicides within its ranks. Earlier this month, an article by 2 retired generals—a former chief and a vice chief of staff of the US Army— asked Congress to lift a little-noticed provision in the 2011 National Defense Authorization Act that prevents military commanders and noncommissioned officers from being able to talk to service members about their private weapons, even in cases in which a leader believes that a service member may be suicidal.
Health researchers are ethically bound to conduct, analyze, and report studies as objectively as possible and transparently communicate the findings. Policymakers, health care practitioners, and the public have the final decision regarding whether they will accept, much less act on, those data. Criticizing research is fair game; suppressing research by targeting its sources of funding is not.
Efforts to place legal restrictions on what physicians and other health care practitioners can and cannot say to their patients cross an even more important line. Yet this is precisely what Florida and some other states are seeking to do. Physicians may disagree on many issues, including the pros and cons of gun control, but are united in opposing government efforts to undermine the sanctity of the patient-physician relationship, as defined by the Hippocratic oath. While it is reasonable to acknowledge and accept the Supreme Court's recent decision regarding the meaning of the Second Amendment, it is just as important to uphold physicians' First Amendment rights.
Injury prevention research can have real and lasting effects. Over the last 20 years, the number of Americans dying in motor vehicle crashes has decreased by 31%. Deaths from fires and drowning have been reduced even more, by 38% and 52%, respectively. This progress was achieved without banning automobiles, swimming pools, or matches. Instead, it came from translating research findings into effective interventions.
Given the chance, could researchers achieve similar progress with firearm violence? It will not be possible to find out unless Congress rescinds its moratorium on firearm injury prevention research. Since Congress took this action in 1997, at least 427 000 people have died of gunshot wounds in the United States, including more than 165 000 who were victims of homicide. To put these numbers in context, during the same period, 4586 Americans lost their lives in combat in Iraq and Afghanistan.
The United States has long relied on public health science to improve the safety, health, and lives of its citizens. Perhaps the same straightforward, problem-solving approach that worked well in other circumstances can help the nation meet the challenge of firearm violence. Otherwise, the heartache that the nation and perhaps the world is feeling over the senseless gun violence in Newtown will likely be repeated, again and again.
Статья была опубликована February 13, 2013 в разделе Viewpoint, любопытно: что-нибудь переменилось?
Wednesday, September 25, 2019
substitution

В России начали серийное производство аналогов американской винтовки AR-15
03:36 25.09.2019 (обновлено: 11:3025.09.2019)
МОСКВА, 25 сен — РИА Новости. Российская компания ORSIS наладила серийное производство винтовки ORSIS-AR15J, которая является аналогом одного из самых популярных образцов американского стрелкового оружия — полуавтоматической винтовки AR-15, сообщил РИА Новости официальный представитель компании.
"Компания ORSIS запустила серийный выпуск полуавтоматических винтовок ORSIS-AR15J. Ранее мы собирали подобные винтовки из американских комплектующих. Сейчас компания наладила собственный выпуск, независимый от поставок комплектующих из США", — сказал он.
По его словам, ORSIS-AR15J является аналогом американской AR-15 — полуавтоматической винтовки под патрон 5,56×45 миллиметров, которая изначально разрабатывалась в качестве перспективной штурмовой винтовки для армии США.
В компании пояснили, что главной отличительной особенностью новой модификации являются стволы производства ORSIS, за счет которых значительно повышается точность и ресурс винтовки.
Monday, September 23, 2019
Monday, August 12, 2019
Want to stop mass shootings?
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| AP photo |
A public-health prescription: Tougher laws, an NHTSA for guns, and politicians who look more like America
The mass shootings over the weekend in El Paso, Texas, and Dayton, Ohio, killed at least 31 people and wounded scores more. Those incidents were just the latest such deadly attacks in the United States, which has tallied more than 250 since Jan. 1, according to a new report by Gun Violence Archive. The group defines a mass shooting as one that claims the lives of at least four victims. David Hemenway, professor of health policy at Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, director of the Harvard Injury Control Research Center, and author of the 2006 book “Private Guns, Public Health,” has spent much of his career studying gun violence. He spoke with the Gazette recently about what can be done to stop mass shootings.
что такое NHTSA — см совсем ниже, выделено цветом
кое-что из нутри :
пральная мысль:
Do we really want continuously to train millions of people for an event that virtually almost none of them will ever encounter?
это сомнительно (для меня):
The elephant in the room, the thing that makes us stand out among the 29 other high-income countries, is our guns and our weak gun laws.
Любопытный вопрос: дóлжно ли обществу вмешиваться в случае самоубийства?
The evidence is overwhelming that a gun in the home increases the risk of suicide. More people die from gun suicide than gun homicide, and the people dying are gun owners and their families.
и невозможное для РФ:
...we now have three states that are funding gun research (New Jersey, California, Washington).
...We now have The Trace, a daily journalism outlet devoted to gun-related issues in the U.S.
Women are so much better at understanding gun issues than men because for men it’s somehow bound up with notions of virility and masculinity and protecting the home.
наше любимое звено, ухватившись за которое (с):
GAZETTE: What is the one most important thing to do?
HEMENWAY: You can’t just do one thing. That’s the whole point. It’s like asking what’s the one thing you can do to reduce cancer in the U.S.? There are many things. Some might say you could ban smoking, but there is a lot of cancer among nonsmokers, and banning smoking wouldn’t stop smoking and will create black markets. It’s a bad policy. Instead, the public health approach is focused on harm reduction. So if we are going to have lots of guns — which we clearly are for the next 50 years at least — we have to do lots of things. One of the many big success stories in injury prevention has been the reduction in the rate of motor vehicle deaths. Years ago, when I worked for Ralph Nader, if you had asked me for the one big thing to improve motor vehicle safety I would have said the airbag. The airbag is great, but it only reduced motor vehicle deaths by about 10 or 11 percent — it doesn’t save pedestrians or bicyclists and hasn’t been effective in rollovers. Yet overall, since I got my first driver’s license, motor vehicle deaths per vehicle mile have fallen over 85 percent — because we did lots and lots of things. And if we are going to have lots of guns, that’s what we need. If I were required to pick one thing we should do that’s semi-feasible I would say licensing of gun owners and all that entails, including strong background checks, and only allowing firearm sales to a licensed owner. More broadly, we need something like a National Highway Traffic Safety Administration for guns, which would address the issue in a range of ways.
Saturday, January 19, 2019
clear ?
Suicide rates among U.S. children and teens have hit startling rates and a study now finds one clear predictor of youth suicide: gun ownership. https://t.co/WN90mRryrH— NBC News (@NBCNews) January 19, 2019
Wednesday, November 8, 2017
FBI Crime In The United States data
Here are some facts from the FBI Crime In The United States data systems.
https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s
- There were more total murders in 2016 (15,070) than there were in 2000 (12,943).
- There were more murders by firearms in 2016 (11,004) than there were in 2000 (8,493).
- In 2000, 66% of murders were by firearms, 13% by knives, 7% by hands, feet.
- In 2016, 73% of murders were by firearms, 11% by knives, 4% by hands, feet.
- 2016, table 12. 2000, table 2.10, Crime in the United States
https://ucr.fbi.gov/crime-in-the-u.s
Saturday, October 1, 2016
Eastern Europe Is Pumping Arms Into The Middle East
An investigation has found that countries in Eastern Europe have discreetly approved the sale of weapons worth over €1 billion to countries in the Middle East. Those countries are in turn known to ship weapons to war-ravaged Syria and Yemen. The hardware includes shells, anti-tank missiles, machine guns and thousands of Kalashnikov-style assault rifles.
The Balkan Investigative Reporting Network (BIRN) and the Organised Crime and Corruption Reporting Project (OCCRP) conducted the investigation, finding evidence pointing towards the systematic diversion of weapons to armed groups accused of committing serious human rights violations. The following infographic illustrates the scale of Eastern Europe's booming arms trade. Read the entire investigative report here.
рыжых = 1206
а нет ещё Беларуси, Украины, Прибалтики, Казахстана итыды + Польши
какни странно
This chart shows arms exports from Central & Eastern Europe to the Middle East since 2012.
синих = 1206рыжых = 1206
а нет ещё Беларуси, Украины, Прибалтики, Казахстана итыды + Польши
какни странно
Saturday, September 17, 2016
The Dawn of Tanks
(бес)славное прошедшее
"The Dawn of the Armored Fighting Vehicle is republished with permission of Stratfor."
"The Dawn of the Armored Fighting Vehicle is republished with permission of Stratfor."
Sunday, February 28, 2016
Saturday, February 27, 2016
Monday, February 1, 2016
Friday, January 29, 2016
Kalashnikov factory in Florida
мимо санкций против шмайсера?Kalashnikov USA of Tullytown, Pa., was importing rifles made by Kalashnikov Concern, the original AK-47 manufacturer in Moscow, until 2014 when President Obama imposed sanctions against Russia following its annexation of Crimea. At that point, Kalashnikov USA severed all ties with the Russian company.
The company started making the guns in Pennsylvania last year, but is shifting manufacturing to Florida. Kalashnikov hasn't said why they are moving or how big the Pompano Beach operation will be.
Kalashnikov USA has recast itself as an American manufacturer of Kalashnikov-brand guns. It launched new lines of rifles and shotguns last week at the SHOT Show in Las Vegas, the annual conference of the National Shooting Sports Foundation.
This included its new Alpha line of rifles with high capacity magazines holding 30 rounds.
The company obtained "light manufacturing" approval in July 2015 from Pompano Beach, which is located on the Atlantic coast between Boca Raton and Fort Lauderdale.
The company also has licenses from Pompano Beach and the federal Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives to import, but the licenses don't specify what it would be importing, or from where.
The licenses do not allow the company to sell guns in Pompano Beach, or to make ammunition, so the Pompano Beach factory will be selling to retailers elsewhere.
The Kalashnikov brand dates back to the Stalin era of the Soviet Union. Based in Moscow, Kalashnikov Concern makes the AK-47 assault rifle, named after its designer, Mikhail Kalashnikov, and the year it went into production, 1947.
AK knock-offs are widespread, produced in many countries including China, former Soviet countries and also the U.S. But the true Kalashnikov brand is seen as something special by American collectors, and prices for the weapon have spiked since Obama's sanctions on Russia halted imports.
The Kalashnikov is one of the most popular assault rifles in the world, prized for its durability and reliability. In the current Afghan war, U.S. Marines captured a Kalashnikov from the Taliban that had been in use since it was produced in the Soviet Union in 1954.
The gun will now also be produced in Florida, a gun friendly state with relatively loose gun laws.
Military style rifles with their high capacity magazines are permitted in Florida. But they're restricted in other states, including New York, Connecticut and Colorado.
Kalashnikov USA plans to produce 10-round magazines for its rifles and shotguns to make them legal in states with more restrictive gun laws.
Wednesday, July 22, 2015
The Biggest Nuclear Arsenals
Иран, ещё не виден

find more at здесь вам не тут
ну, как грицо:
войны не будет,
будет такая борьба за мир (ру),
шо чортямтошна станет

find more at здесь вам не тут
ну, как грицо:
войны не будет,
будет такая борьба за мир (ру),
шо чортямтошна станет
Monday, May 25, 2015
who is kto ?
- Дмитрий Бессонов = хакер
- Вадим Поляков = хакер
- Владимир Дринкман = хакер
- Роман Селезнёв = хакер, сын депутата Госдумы
- В. А. Бут = торговец оружием (о нём есть в википедии)
- К. В. Ярошенко = лётчик, перевозивший норкоту (о нём есть в википедии)
это люди, упомянутые в документе МИДа
Предупреждение для российских граждан, выезжающих за границу
там же ссылка на страны, имеющие с США договоры о выдаче (список таких государств размещен на сайте Госдепартамента США)
Labels:
интернет,
норкота,
оружие,
проституция,
Россия
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